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This list of lochs in Scotland includes the majority of bodies of standing freshwater named as lochs but only a small selection of the generally smaller, and very numerous, lochans. This list does not currently include the reservoirs of Scotland except where these are modifications of pre-existing lochs and retain the name "loch" or "lochan". It has been estimated that there are at least 31,460 freshwater lochs (including lochans) in Scotland, and more than 7,500 in the Western Isles alone.〔("Botanical survey of Scottish freshwater lochs" ) SNH Information and Advisory Note Number 4. Retrieved 1 January 2010.〕 Whilst lochs are widespread throughout the country, they are most numerous within the Scottish Highlands and in particular in the former counties of Caithness, Sutherland and Ross and Cromarty. The majority of the larger lochs are linear in form; their distribution through the West Highlands reflects their origin in the glacial overdeepening of the valleys they now occupy. ''Loch'' is a Scottish Gaelic word for a lake or fjord (cognate with the Irish Gaelic ''loch'', which is anglicised as ''lough'' and with the Welsh word for a lake, ''llwch'') that has been borrowed by Scots and Scottish English to apply to such bodies of water, especially those in Scotland. Whilst "loch" or "lochan" is by far the most widespread name for bodies of standing water in Scotland, a number of other terms exist. The Lake of Menteith is the only natural body of freshwater called a "lake" in Scotland, (although it is also known as ''Loch Innis Mo Cholmaig'' in Gaelic) and there are one or two other man-made "lakes", the Lake of the Hirsel being an example. Numerous lochs are called "water", particularly in the Northern Isles, e.g. Roer Water on Shetland and Heldale Water on Orkney. These are not to be confused with similarly named rivers, particularly in the south of Scotland, e.g. Yarrow Water and Blackadder Water. == Largest and deepest lochs == This table includes the twelve largest lochs by volume, area and length as listed by Murray and Pullar (1910).〔The 13 lochs listed include the 12 largest in these categories. Loch Treig and Loch Glass are listed as the 9th and 12th deepest respectively.〕〔This was not an exhaustive survey, and several of the larger lochs in the Outer Hebrides were not included. However it is highly unlikely any would appear in this tabulation, were full data to be available. Loch Langavat is listed as the 14th longest and 19th largest by area. For Loch of Harray see main text.〕 The volume of water in Loch Ness is nearly double that in all the lakes of England and Wales combined.〔 Murray and Pullar also note that the mean depth of Loch Ness is 57.4% of the maximum depth – higher than in any other large deep loch, with Loch Avich coming closest at 52.4%.〔Murray and Pullar (1910) ("Lochs of the Ness Basin" ) Pages 381-85, Volume II, Part II. National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 2 January 2010.〕 Lochs Maree, Shiel and Ness are recorded as being the narrowest of the large lochs in relation to their length.〔Murray and Pullar (1910) ("Lochs of the Ewe Basin" ) Page 211, Volume II, Part II. National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 2 January 2010.〕 Neither the Loch of Stenness nor the Loch of Harray on Mainland Orkney are large enough to appear in the above table (Loch of Harray is 16th by area) but at higher stages of the tide they are connected to one another and to the marine waters of Hoy Sound. The former is the largest brackish lagoon in the UK〔("Loch of Stennes" ). JNCC. Retrieved 19 June 2011.〕 and the latter, whilst predominantly freshwater, does have a transition zone in the vicinity of the Bridge of Brodgar where the two are connected.〔"Lochs of Harray and Stenness Site of Special Scientific Interest" Midas 1083. SNH〕 The two lochs together cover an area of 19.3 km²〔 but have a volume of only 0.047 km³ due to their shallow nature. Loch of Stenness has a maximum depth of . Although flow between the two lochs and the sea can be observed, the water levels only experience small changes with the movements of the tide.〔Murray and Pullar (1910) ("Lochs of Orkney" ) Pages 224-25, Volume II, Part II. National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 19 June 2011. Murray and Pullar provide a lower estimate of the combined area.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of lochs of Scotland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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